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गणतंत्र दिवस के मौके पर जानिए क्या हैं भारतीय नागरिकों के मौलिक अधिकार, सभी अधिकारों को विस्तार से जानें

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गणतंत्र दिवस के मौके पर जानिए क्या हैं भारतीय नागरिकों के मौलिक अधिकार, सभी अधिकारों को विस्तार से जानें

 

भारत में हर साल 26 जनवरी को गणतंत्र दिवस के तौर पर मनाया जाता है। इस साल भारत अपना 74वां गणतंत्र दिवस मनाएगा। भारत में 26 जनवरी वर्ष 1950 को पूरे देश भर में प्रथम गणतंत्र दिवस मनाया था। यही वो दिन है जब भारत को उसका लिखित संविधान मिला था। भारतीय संविधान भी इसी दिन लागू हुआ था। डॉ. भीम राव अंबेडकर ने संविधान की ड्राफ्टिंग कमेटी की अध्‍यक्षता की थी। 26 नवंबर वर्ष 1949 को भारतीय संविधान सभा ने देश के संविधान को भी अपनाया था। 26 जनवरी 1950 को ही देश को पूर्ण रूप से गणतंत्र यानी गणराज्य घोषित किया गया था।

जब एक व्यक्ति के साथ किसी तरह का अन्याय होता है तो एक संविधान ही है जो हमें देश में पूरी आजादी का एहसास कराता है। कभी अन्याय होने पर मौलिक अधिकार हमारी ढाल बन हमें हमारा हक दिलाते हैं। तो इस  गणतंत्र दिवस के मौके पर जानते हैं एक भारतीय नागरिक क्या हैं मौलिक अधिकार।

क्या होता है मौलिक अधिकार का महत्व 

भारत में मौलिक अधिकार देश के प्रत्येक नागरिक का अधिकार हैं, जो किसी व्यक्ति के विकास के लिए आवश्यक हैं। भारतीय संविधान, जो विश्व का सबसे बड़ा संविधान है, उसमें भारतीय नागरिकों के मौलिक अधिकार संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका के संविधान से लिए गए। भारतीय संविधान में इसका वर्णन संविधान के भाग-3 में (अनुच्छेद 12 से अनुच्छेद 35) किया गया है। इन अधिकारों में संशोधन किया जा सकता है और राष्ट्रीय आपात के दौरान (अनुच्छेद 352) जीवन एवं व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता के अधिकार को छोड़कर बाकी मौलिक अधिकारों को स्थगित किया जा सकता है।

कितने होते हैं मौलिक अधिकार

प्रारंभ में, मूल संविधान में सात मौलिक अधिकार थे, लेकिन 44वें संविधान संशोधन (1979) के बाद “संपत्ति के अधिकार” (अनुच्छेद 31 से अनुच्छेद 19f) को मौलिक अधिकार की सूची से हटाकर संविधान के अनुच्छेद 300 (a) के तहत कानूनी अधिकार में जोड़ दिया गया। जिसके बाद इनकी संख्या अब 6 हो गयी हैं।

कौन-कौन से हैं मौलिक अधिकार 
  1. समता या समानता का अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 14 से अनुच्छेद 18)
  2. स्वतंत्रता का अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 19 से 22)
  3. शोषण के विरुद्ध अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 23 से 24)
  4. धार्मिक स्वतंत्रता का अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 25 से 28)
  5. संस्कृति और शिक्षा संबंधी अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 29 से 30)
  6. संवैधानिक अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 32)

 

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न्यूज़ मोबाइल ब्यूरो

"न्यूज़ मोबाइल हिंदी" एक डिजिटल न्यूज़ प्लेटफ़ॉर्म है जो पाठकों को ताज़ा ख़बरें, गहन विश्लेषण और अपडेट सरल हिंदी में उपलब्ध कराता है। यह राजनीति, खेल, तकनीक, मनोरंजन और बिज़नेस जैसे विषयों पर समाचार प्रस्तुत करता है। साथ ही, इसमें फ़ैक्ट चेक (Fact Check) सेक्शन भी है, जिसके ज़रिए झूठी या भ्रामक ख़बरों की सच्चाई सामने लाकर पाठकों को विश्वसनीय और सही जानकारी दी जाती है। इसका मक़सद है—समाचारों के बीच तथ्य और अफ़वाह में स्पष्ट अंतर दिखाना।

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